Conclusion
In the course of work that intended to reveal the methods of translation that help to convey the stylistic effect from the ST to the TT, the following conclusions had been drawn:
Expressive texts that include fiction, poetry and drama are usually translated with the intention of retaining author’s style to produce an equivalent aesthetic effect, therefore, conveying traits of author’s artistic world is one of the main functions of a translator.
There are two ways of rendering the ST a translator can choose from- direct or literal translation and indirect or oblique translation. The two categories are subdivided in seven methods that are employed to solve translation problems. Borrowing, calque and literal translation are the methods that belong to the category of direct translation. Transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaption are the methods that belong to the category of oblique translation.
Style of the text is a result of an author’s deliberate choices of stylistic selections that are typical not of the entire language system but of particular social roles and specific forms of language activity. Thus, the translator as a language user has to be able to evaluate the semiotic significance of the original text. The main reason why it is impossible to create a perfect translation is that the form of a source text may be characteristic of SL patterns but so much at variance with TL norms that rendering the form would unavoidably obscure the message of the text. Thus, some theorists claim that preserving the style of the original text in certain circumstances is unnecessary. However, other theorists oppose it arguing that to transform style on these grounds is to deny the reader access to the world of the SL text.
E. A. Poe referred to his style as “arabesque” which was singular for its elaborate and complex vocabulary and for increased attention to the detail. Poe is not only a highly descriptive author but also employs a great amount of syntactic parallelisms, repetitions and rhetoric devices in the short stories creating a unique style. Therefore, the short story ‘The Tell- Tale Heart’, which is a monologue of a very nervous murderer, contains numerous stylistic devices such as epithets, metaphors, hyperboles, euphemisms, repetitions and parallelisms. The stylistic devices used in the short story contribute mostly to creating the emphatic and descriptive effect.
The comparative analysis of translations of V. Belševica and V. Khinkis provides with the following conclusions:
Translating the epithets V. Belševica has decreased the descriptiveness of the short story as she omitted some of the adjectives in order to adjust the text to Latvian readership. V. Khinkis more often uses literal translation and thus, preserves both the descriptiveness and the emphatic stylistic effect.
To translate idioms or set phrases both translators use the method of equivalence, which includes either functional or dynamic equivalence.
To translate the euphemism V. Belševica preserves the stylistic effect unlike V. Khinkis who completely changes it creating the opposite stylistic effect.
To translate the repetitions both translators use either word-for-word translation or the equivalence that makes the text more suitable for the readership.
Translating parallelisms and anaphoras V. Belševica omits them losing the emphatic effect that has the original text. V. Khinkis, on the contrary, saves parallelisms and anaphoras preserving the stylistic effect.
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