Language Card: Macedonian

Nouns
Nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter. Gender has different endings only in the singular, there is only one ending for nouns of all genders in the plural.
There are two numbers: singular and plural. Plural endings depend on the form of the noun.
Like Bulgarian, Macedonian last lost its cases. There are a few vestiges of the vocative case, and a distinction is made between animate and inanimate nouns in the accusative case, i.e., case of the direct object.
Macedonian is the only Slavic language that makes three distinctions in definiteness: unmarked, proximate, and distal. These are marked by suffixes attached to the first noun, adjective, or pronoun in the noun phrase. Below is an example of the unmarked definite article attached as a suffix to the noun.

Verbs
Macedonian verbs agree with their subjects in person and number.
There are three persons: 1st, 2nd, 3rd.
There are two numbers: singular and plural.
There are three tenses: present, past, and future. Present, imperfect, and aorist are expressed by simple forms, all the other forms are represented with the auxiliary verbs sum ‘ be’ or ima ‘have’.
There are two aspects: imperfective and perfective. Perfective verbs are usually formed by prefixation. Aspect involves grammar, lexicon, semantics, and pragmatics.
There are four moods: indicative, imperative, conditional, and subjunctive.
There are three voices (active, middle, and passive)

Adjectives
While in English an adjective doesn’t change when the noun changes, in Macedonian an adjective should agree in gender and number with the noun. For example:
Ова е мојот мал син (this is my little son) becomes: ова е мојата мала ќерка (this is my little daughter)
The most common suffixes added on the adverbs are:
For masculine gender: -/ (none)
example: мал брод (small boat)
For feminine gender: - a
example: мала куќа (small house)
For neuter gender: - o
example: мало дете (small child)
For plural: - и
мали играчки (small toys)
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