Empowerment

1.1 EMPOWERMENT
"Empowerment is a concept that gained popularity in the 90's and is set to continue as a popular initiative in the 21st century. It is a managerial ideology in it's own right as well as being used with other initiatives and strategies such as business process reengineering, total quality management and the learning organisation, it is strongly associated with culture change initiation, delayering and restructuring and usually involves devolving power and responsibilities to teams at workplace or customer level."(Arkin, 1995 cited in Beardwell & Holden, 2001)
Empowermen…