Conclusion
In conclusion, the primary concept of motivation is some driving force within individuals by which they endeavour to achieve a goal in order to accomplish a personal need or expectation. Individual needs and expectations are often competitive and changeable in a variety of ways in order to satisfy the needs.
Competing theories have attempted to explain motivation at work. Each theory is important to a manager because they demonstrate that there are a variety of motives, which influence people's behaviour at work. 'They provide a framework within which to direct attention to the problem of how to motivate staff to work willingly and effectively.' (Mullins 1999: 439).
The different theories of motivation can be divided into two contrasting groups: content theories and process theories. Content theories emphasise what motivates and identify people's needs. On the other hand process theories emphasise the actual process of motivation and identify relationships among the dynamic variables, which constitute motivation, and how behaviour is initiated, directed and sustained.
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